•Average Molecular Weight: 2900

•Cloud Point (1% Aqueous Solution): 57–61 °C

•HLB Value: 13

•Non-Hemolytic: Acts gently on red blood cell membranes, making it suitable for direct whole blood detection (e.g., in lateral flow test strips, microfluidic chips), avoiding optical signal interference caused by hemolysis.

•Colloidal Protection and Stabilization: The hydrophobic PPO block adsorbs onto particle surfaces (e.g., colloidal gold, latex microspheres), while the hydrophilic PEO chains form a steric barrier, preventing aggregation and sedimentation.

•Interfacial Activity and Wetting: Reduces liquid-solid interfacial tension, promoting uniform sample diffusion on test strips or in microplates and minimizing edge effects.

•Anti-Protein Adsorption: Blocks nonspecific adsorption of proteins/cells onto solid carriers (e.g., nitrocellulose membranes, microplates), reducing background noise.

•Defoaming and Anti-Static: Suppresses foam formation during reagent mixing or automated pipetting, and reduces particle aggregation caused by electrostatic adsorption.

•Lateral Flow Immunoassay Strips: Added to the conjugate pad treatment solution to stabilize colloidal gold-labeled antibodies and improve colorimetric signal uniformity (e.g., in hCG detection).

•Latex-Enhanced Immunoturbidimetric Assays: Pre-mixed in latex microparticle suspensions to enhance particle dispersibility and optimize the turbidity signal from antigen-antibody complexes.

•Direct Whole Blood Detection Reagents: Incorporated into sample diluents to inhibit red blood cell aggregation and improve plasma separation efficiency (e.g., in CRP, blood glucose tests).

•Enzyme Reaction System Stabilizer: Used as a component in enzyme storage solutions to reduce enzyme inactivation caused by high temperatures or freeze-thaw cycles (e.g., in PCR reagents, chemiluminescence systems).

•Microfluidic Chip Wetting Agent: Pre-coated onto hydrophobic channels to optimize the flow performance of blood samples/reagents and prevent bubble entrapment.

•Solubility: May form a gel at low temperatures (<15°C). Heat to 25–30°C with stirring until the solution clarifies before use.

•Temperature Sensitivity: Prolonged exposure to temperatures >50°C may cause molecular chain degradation.

•Compatibility Testing: Avoid direct mixing with strong oxidizing agents (e.g., high concentrations of ammonium persulfate) or organic solvents (e.g., chloroform).

•Colloidal Gold Aggregation: This may be caused by insufficient concentration or incomplete dissolution. It is recommended to increase the concentration to 0.1%-0.2% and ensure complete dissolution prior to use.

•Slow Lateral Flow Speed: This may result from insufficient wetting or high viscosity. Optimize the concentration (0.05%-0.1%) or add a low-viscosity buffer.

•Activity Loss After Lyophilization: This may be due to an improper protectant ratio. Consider increasing the Pluronic L64 concentration to 0.5%-1% and combine it with trehalose.

•Reagent Turbidity: This can be caused by precipitation at low temperatures or high ionic strength. Pre-warm the reagent to room temperature and vortex mix thoroughly, or adjust the salt concentration.