Triton X-100 appears as a brown oily liquid, soluble in cold water with strong foaming properties. It is an excellent emulsifier, wetting agent, and dispersant.

•Mild Detergency and Enhanced Permeability:

•As a non-ionic surfactant, it increases cell membrane permeability by disrupting the lipid bilayer structure. This allows antibodies or detection reagents to enter the cell interior without destroying protein structures (e.g., antigenic epitopes), thereby avoiding loss of immunogenicity.

•Exhibits lipid solubility, enabling it to dissolve cell membrane lipids and promote the release of intracellular components (e.g., viral particles, nucleic acids), making it suitable for sample pre-treatment.

•Non-Denaturing Property:

•Unlike ionic surfactants (e.g., SDS), it does not denature amino acids or proteins, preserving the native conformation of antigens/antibodies. This makes it suitable for detection systems requiring maintained bioactivity (e.g., immunochromatography).

•Immunochromatographic Assays:

•Sample Processing: Used in serum dilution or lysis buffer preparation (e.g., to disrupt cells for antigen release in viral testing).

•Reagent Stabilization: Acts as an emulsifier to prevent component stratification in detection systems.

•Immunocytochemistry:

•Cell Permeabilization: A 1% Triton X-100 solution is used for rinsing tissue sections to enhance antibody penetration; a 0.3% solution is used for diluting serum or preparing BSA blocking buffers.

•Molecular Diagnostics:

•Nucleic Acid Extraction: Assists in cell membrane lysis to improve DNA/RNA extraction efficiency.

•LAMP/PCR Reactions: Improves reagent compatibility and reduces bubble interference.

•Biochemical Detection:

•Enzymatic Reactions: Serves as a mild solubilizer for pre-treating enzyme-labeled plates or diluting substrates.

•Immunochromatography: 0.1% - 0.5% (added directly to the reaction system).

•Cell Permeabilization: 0.3% - 1% (diluted from a 30% stock solution immediately before use).

•Sample Lysis: 1% - 3% (compatibility with the target protein must be validated).

•Store sealed in a light-proof container in a cool place. Avoid high temperatures or direct light exposure to prevent decomposition.

•Slight stratification may occur during long-term storage; shake well before use.

•pH Sensitivity: Prone to decomposition under strongly acidic (pH < 3) or alkaline (pH > 10) conditions. Maintain the system pH within a range of 5 - 8.

•Oxidation Risk: Avoid direct mixing with strong oxidizing agents (e.g., hydrogen peroxide).

•Plastic Containers: Prolonged contact may cause swelling. Short-term use is recommended, or switch to glass/stainless steel containers.

•Antibody Interference: Excessive concentrations may affect antibody binding. Determine the optimal concentration through preliminary experiments.

•Exhibits strong foaming properties. Foaming can be reduced by adding defoaming agents (Triton X-100 itself can partially suppress foam) or by operating at low temperatures.