•Efficient Solubilization: Encapsulates lipid-soluble molecules (e.g., lipid antigens, fluorescent dyes) within its hydrophobic core, enhancing their solubility and reaction homogeneity in aqueous phases.

•Non-Hemolytic Property: Acts gently on red blood cell membranes, making it suitable for direct whole blood detection (e.g., in lateral flow test strips or microfluidic chips), thereby avoiding optical interference caused by hemolysis.

•Colloidal Particle Stabilization: Adsorbs onto the surface of latex or colloidal gold particles to form a protective layer, preventing aggregation (e.g., improving signal stability in immunoturbidimetric assays).

•Broad Solvent Compatibility: Miscible with water, ethanol, glycerol, and other solvents, making it adaptable to complex reagent systems (e.g., marker preservation solutions containing organic solvents).

•Low Immunogenicity: Exhibits high biocompatibility, reducing non-specific antibody adsorption and minimizing background interference (e.g., in ELISA or chemiluminescence assays).

•Solubilization of Lipid-Soluble Antigens: Added to sample diluents to solubilize membrane-bound antigens (e.g., lipopolysaccharides, cholesterol esters), enhancing detection sensitivity.

•Latex Particle Stabilizer: Pre-mixed in latex microparticle suspensions to improve particle dispersibility and optimize the uniformity of turbidity signals (e.g., in CRP or PCT detection).

•Direct Whole Blood Testing: Incorporated into sample processing solutions to inhibit red blood cell aggregation and rupture, eliminating bias from samples with high hematocrit (HCT) levels (e.g., in POCT assays).

•Fluorescent/Chemiluminescent Reagents: Solubilizes hydrophobic fluorescent dyes or luminescent substrates, improving labeling efficiency and signal intensity.

•Lyoprotectant: Combined with sugars (e.g., trehalose) to reduce denaturation of proteins/antibodies during lyophilization and extend reagent shelf life.

•Concentration Control: Excessive use (>1%) may cause partial protein denaturation or damage to membrane structures (e.g., enlargement of nitrocellulose membrane pores).

•Temperature Sensitivity: May become turbid or precipitate at low temperatures (<15°C). Warm to 25–30°C and vortex mix thoroughly before use.

•Insufficient Solubilization: May result from excessively low Cremophor EL concentration. Increase the concentration to 0.5%–1.0% or extend the incubation time.

•Latex Particle Aggregation: May be caused by reaction with cationic components. Replace the buffer (e.g., use Tris-HCl instead of phosphate buffer).

•Increased Detection Background: May be due to inadequate washing and residual surfactant. Increase the number of wash cycles (e.g., 5–6 washes in ELISA).

•Reagent Turbidity or Stratification: May result from precipitation during low-temperature storage. Allow the reagent to return to room temperature and vortex mix thoroughly; filter if necessary.