•Efficient Emulsification and Dispersion: The hydrophobic chain adsorbs onto the surface of latex/colloidal gold particles, while the hydrophilic chain forms a steric hindrance layer, preventing aggregation (e.g., enhancing signal stability in immunoturbidimetric assays).

•Mild Detergency: Lyses cell membranes or solubilizes hydrophobic impurities (e.g., lipoproteins) to release target analytes while preserving protein activity (e.g., in whole blood sample pre-treatment).

•Broad Compatibility for Blending: Exhibits synergistic effects with anionic (e.g., SDS), cationic (e.g., CTAB), and non-ionic surfactants, allowing flexible adaptation to complex reagent formulations.

•Wetting and Anti-Adsorption: Reduces liquid-solid interfacial tension, promoting uniform spreading of reagents on solid carriers (e.g., nitrocellulose membranes, microplates) and minimizing nonspecific adsorption.

•Environmental Friendliness: Rapidly biodegradable, complying with environmental regulations (e.g., OECD 301 standards), and reducing the environmental impact of diagnostic reagent waste.

•Latex-Enhanced Immunoturbidimetry: Added to latex microparticle suspensions to enhance particle dispersibility and improve turbidity signal stability (e.g., in CRP, PCT detection).

•Cell Lysis Buffer: Serves as a mild detergent to lyse red/white blood cells and release intracellular targets (e.g., nucleic acids, enzymes).

•Solid Carrier Blocking Buffer: Used in combination with BSA to block nitrocellulose membranes or microplates, reducing background interference (e.g., in ELISA, lateral flow strips).

•Wash Buffer: Incorporated into automated plate washer solutions to gently remove unbound substances while preserving weakly bound signals.

•Solubilization of Hydrophobic Reagents: Dissolves lipid-soluble markers (e.g., fluorescent dyes) to improve reaction homogeneity (e.g., in fluorescent immunoassays).

•Dissolution Method: If dissolution is difficult at room temperature, heat to 40–50°C with stirring until the solution clarifies. Avoid localized overheating to prevent degradation.

•Impact on Protein Activity: High concentrations (>0.5%) may partially denature sensitive proteins (e.g., antibodies). Preliminary experimental validation is required.

•Latex Particle Aggregation: This may be caused by insufficient concentration or incomplete dissolution. It is recommended to increase the concentration to 0.2%–0.3% and ensure complete dissolution before use.

•Low Lysis Efficiency: This may result from insufficient action time or incompatibility with the system pH. Extend the lysis time to 30 minutes or adjust the pH to 7–8.

•Increased Detection Background: This may be due to inadequate washing and residual surfactant. Increase the number of wash cycles or optimize the wash buffer formulation (e.g., by adding Tween 20).

•Reagent Turbidity: This may be caused by reaction with cationic components. Consider switching to an anionic/non-ionic buffer system.