I. Application in Chemiluminescence Platforms

•Applicable Systems: More suitable for alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled enzyme-induced chemiluminescence systems, such as those utilizing AMPPD, APS-5, or CDP-Star substrates.

•Mechanism of Action: Stabilizes micelle structures to promote the release of photons from excited-state intermediates generated during ALP-catalyzed substrate decomposition, thereby extending the luminescence duration (up to 30-60 minutes).

•Typical Results: In ALP-AMPPD systems, 0.01-0.03% AO-2 can increase sensitivity to 10⁻¹⁸ mol/L, making it suitable for detecting low-abundance biomarkers (e.g., the tumor marker CA125).

•Dosage: 0.01-0.03% (w/v). Higher concentrations may inhibit ALP activity (activity loss >20%).

•Precautions: Maintain pH between 8.0-8.5 to avoid cationic-induced electrostatic aggregation. Avoid high-temperature storage (>37°C accelerates enzyme inactivation).

II. Application in Immunoturbidimetric Platforms

•Applicable Systems: Particularly suitable for turbidimetric assays in high ionic strength environments (e.g., plasma samples), maintaining complex dispersibility via anti-electrostatic effects.

•Effects: In C-reactive protein (CRP) detection, 0.02% AO-2 can reduce the false positive rate in lipemic samples by up to 40%.

•Dosage: 0.01-0.03% (w/v). Avoid combining with cationic surfactants (e.g., CTAB).

•Precautions: Optimal stability is achieved in pH 7.4 buffer. Monitor complex particle size via Dynamic Light Scattering (target range: 50-200 nm).

III. Application in Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platforms

•Applicable Systems: Acts as a probe protectant in fluorescent microsphere-based lateral flow test strips, enhancing fluorescence signal stability.

•Dosage: 0.02-0.05% (w/v). Requires combination with Triton X-100 (0.1%) to improve permeability.

•Precautions: The potential quenching effect of AO-2 on the fluorescent probe must be validated (recommended via fluorescence lifetime detection).