I. Application in Chemiluminescence Platforms

•Applicable Systems: Primarily used in direct chemiluminescence (CLIA) and enzyme-induced chemiluminescence (CLEIA) systems, especially those utilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled systems.

•Mechanism of Action: Enhances light signal intensity by forming micelles that encapsulate fluorescent probes (e.g., luminol derivatives, acridinium esters), thereby improving probe stability and reducing background interference.

•Typical Results: In HRP-luminol systems, adding 0.02-0.05% AO-1 can increase signal intensity by 20-30% and shorten the luminescence reaction time to within 5 seconds.

•Dosage: 0.01-0.05% (w/v). Excessive amounts may cause micelle precipitation, interfering with detection.

•Precautions: Avoid simultaneous use with high-salt buffers (e.g., Tris-HCl) to prevent decreased micelle stability.

II. Application in Immunoturbidimetric Platforms

•Applicable Systems: Used for stabilizing antigen-antibody complexes, preventing turbidity signal fluctuations caused by the aggregation of large particles.

•Effects: In immunoglobulin (IgG) detection, 0.05% AO-1 can widen the linear range of the turbidity signal to 0.1-10 μg/mL and reduce non-specific adsorption interference.

•Dosage: 0.02-0.05% (w/v). Excessive amounts can reduce turbidity sensitivity.

•Precautions: Requires combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an aggregating agent (recommended ratio 1:0.5). Avoid low-temperature storage to prevent micelle precipitation.

III. Application in Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platforms

•Applicable Systems: Used in colloidal gold-based test strips for the stable dispersion of colloidal gold particles, preventing uneven coloration caused by aggregation.

•Effects: In pregnancy test strips, 0.1% AO-1 can extend the stability of colloidal gold-labeled antibodies to 12 months, with a colorimetric sensitivity reaching 10 mIU/mL hCG.

•Dosage: 0.05-0.1% (w/v). Requires combination with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) to block non-specific sites.

•Precautions: Avoid use with high salt concentrations (e.g., NaCl > 0.5 M) to prevent colloidal gold aggregation.